2021 ap statistics frq

AP® STATISTICS 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B) © 2009 The College Board. All rights reserved. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.com. Question 5

AP® Biology 2021 Scoring Guidelines . Question 2: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results with Graphing . 8 points . Geneticists investigated the mode of inheritance of a rare disorder that alters glucose metabolism and first shows symptoms in adulthood. The geneticists studied a family in which some individuals of generations II and IIIAP® Statistics 2022 Scoring Guidelines Question 5: Multi-Focus 4 points General Scoring Notes • Each part of the question (indicated by a letter) is initially scored by determining if it meets the criteria for ... AP Statistics FRQ 5 Author: College Board Subject: AP; Advanced Placement; ADAAP ® Macroeconomics 2022 Free-Response Questions . 1. Assume a country's economy is operating below full employment. (a) Draw a correctly labeled graph of aggregate demand, short-run aggregate supply, and long-run aggregate supply, and show each of the following. (i) The current equilibrium real output and price level, labeled as Y1 and PL. 1AP® STATISTICS 2017 SCORING GUIDELINES . Question . 3 Intent of Question . The primary goals of this question were to assess a student's ability to (1) calculate a probability from a normal distribution; (2) calculate a weighted probability from two individual probabilities; and (3) calculateAP® STATISTICS 2019 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 (continued) • Spread: A response recognizing all values in the sample fall between 100 and 350 square feet (or between 134 and 315 square feet ) satisfies component 3 only for these exact endpoints and need not appeal to a specific measure of spread such as range or interquartile range (IQR).AP® Statistics 2022 Scoring Guidelines Question 1: Focus on Exploring Data 4 points General Scoring Notes • Each part of the question (indicated by a letter) is initially scored by determining if it meets the criteria for essentially correct (E), partially correct (P), or incorrect (I). The response is then categorized based on the

AP® Statistics 2008 Free-Response Questions The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,000 schools, colleges, universities, and otherDownload free-response questions from past AP Statistics exams, along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions.On the AP Physics 1 exam, there are two long FRQs and three short FRQs. Each of the long FRQs should take about 25 minutes to answer, and each of the short FRQs should take about 13 minutes. However, these questions may show up on the exam in any order, so don't assume that the first two questions are the long FRQs.AP® Statistics 2010 Free-Response Questions Form B The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations.Statistical analysis is a crucial component of any research project. It helps researchers to make sense of the data they have collected and draw meaningful conclusions. However, statistical analysis can be a complex and time-consuming proce...2021 ; AP Exam Administration ; Scoring Guidelines; scoring information; free-response scoring criteria; scoring resources; FRQ; teacher resources; exam information; ADA Created Date 12/22/2022 12:57:09 PMWith our score calculator, you can learn what you'll need to score a 3, 4, or 5. AP® score calculators are a great way to motivate yourself when you're studying. You can quickly realize how close you may be to getting the score you want. We recommend you run our calculator regularly in your AP® exam prep, so you can understand where you ...

AP® Statistics 2010 Free-Response Questions Form B The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and otherCollege Board AP Seminar 2021 Free-Response Questions 2021. AP Seminar Score Distributions. AP Score Percentages AP Mean Score Global Students; Year: 5: 4: 3: 2: 1: 2022: 11.6%: 19.2%: 51.8%: 11.8%: 5.6%: 3.19: 56,766: ... AP statistics Free-Response Questions. College Board AP Statistics Free-Response Questions 2021. AP Statistics Score ...May 19, 2021 · Walkthrough of the 2021 AP Statistcs Free Free Response #1 (May 17, 2021 administration). Join My Discord Study Server: https://discord.gg/8WGtt3rLink to C... AP® Statistics 2021 Scoring Guidelines © 2021 College Board . Question 2: Focus on Collecting Data . 4 points . General Scoring Notes • Each part of the question (indicated by a letter) is initially scored by determining if it meets the criteria for essentially correct (E), partially correct(P), or incorrect (I). This page includes resources related to using past Free Response Questions as formative assessments in your AP Statistics classroom. FRAPPYs are more than just Free Response Questions...FRAPPYs are a process utilizing past FRQs as a means to strengthen students' conceptual understanding and communication skills.AP Statistics Free-Response Questions 2021 - AP CentralThis pdf contains six free-response questions that assess students' ability to apply their knowledge of statistics concepts and methods. The questions cover topics such as sampling, inference, experimental design, probability, and more. Students need to show their work and justify their answers using appropriate notation and terminology.

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AP® Environmental Science 2021 Free-Response Questions (b) Sediment from erosion can enter streams and affect water quality. One way sediment can enter a stream is from nearby road construction. Two methods to reduce sediment run-off in streams are to either put down straw bales or plant grass.Free-Response Questions from the 2022 AP Psychology Exam Keywords: Psychology; Free-Response Questions; 2022; exam resources; exam information; teaching resources; exam practice; Set 1 Created Date: 7/28/2021 2:27:59 PM ...In general, scores on the AP® US Government and Politics exam are a bit lower on average than other AP® exams. The statistics above are based on an average of approximately 300,000 exam takers each year. ... 2021 AP® US Government and Politics Free-Response Questions (Set 1) 2021 AP® US Government and Politics Free-Response Questions (Set 2)Statistical analysis is a crucial component of any research project. It helps researchers to make sense of the data they have collected and draw meaningful conclusions. However, statistical analysis can be a complex and time-consuming proce...180 Days of Intro Stats; 180 Days of Intro Stats (SPA 4e) 150 Days of AP Stats - CED; 150 Days of AP Stats - Classic; Math MedicPast Papers. AP Statistics past exam papers including full papers, multiple choice and free response questions. The aim behind standardised tests is to have the average on the test to be roughly 50% (which corresponds to a 3) in order to optimise the distinction between scores. If the test is too too easy, then lots of students will get 100% ...

Like other AP tests, AP Biology has two parts: a multiple-choice section and a free-response section, ... if you manage your time well, you should have at least 20-25 minutes for each long free-response questions. Here's a chart showing the current format of the AP Biology exam: Multiple-Choice Section: Free-Response Section: Time: 90 minutes ...2021 AP Exam Administration Student Samples: AP Environmental Science Set 1 - Free-Response Question 3 Author: College Board Subject: ... FRQ; teacher resources; exam information; student resources; free-response questions; ADA Created Date: 8/17/2021 5:25:45 PM ...2021 AP Exam Administration Sample Student Responses - AP U.S. History Short Answer Question 1 Author: College Board Subject: ... FRQ; teacher resources; exam information; student resources; free-response questions; ADA Created Date: 8/17/2021 5:26:14 PM ...2014 AP ® STATISTICS FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS -5- (III) Inferential Statistics. standard deviation of statistic statistic parameter Standardized test statistic: Confidence interval: statistic critical value standard deviation of statistic Single-Sample . StatisticThe most challenging FRQ was question no. 6 on power series / infinite series, with less than 1% of students earning perfect scores. Let’s now assess the scoring pattern for the 2021 AP Calculus BC exam to see how students performed in each of the sections. Scoring pattern for the 2021 AP Calculus BC examAP ® STATISTICS 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES . Question 1 . Intent of Question The primary goals of this question were to assess a student's ability to (1) identify various values in regression computer output; (2) interpret the intercept of a regression line in context; (3) interpret the coefficient of determination 2. in context; and (4 ...First, we subtract the mean score from the student's score to find the difference: 90 - 75 = 15. Next, we divide the difference by the standard deviation of the scores: 15 / 10 = 1.5. B. The z-score for the student's score is 1.5, which means that the student scored 1.5 standard deviations above the mean test score.1. Correctly identifies the two outliers in part (b-i) as the patients who stayed for 12 days and 21 days 2. Provides a justification for part (b-i) by Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected] Questions 1998-2021; To learn more about where to find AP Statistics practice tests and how to use them, check out our complete guide to AP Statistics practice exams. 3 Tips for the AP Statistics Exam. In this section we go over three of the most useful tips you can use when preparing for and taking the AP Statistics test.2021 . AP ® Calculus BC . Free-Response Questions ... AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org. $3 p &DOFXOXV%& )UHH 5HVSRQVH4XHVWLRQV CALCULUS BC SECTION II, Part A Time—30 minutes 2 Questions . A GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR THESE QUESTIONS.

The average AP® Human Geography score changes every year based on the student population and the specific questions on that year's exam, so it is difficult to pinpoint an overall average. For example, in 2020, over 218,300 students took the AP® Human Geography exam and their average score was 2.75, with a pass rate (a score of 3 or higher ...

Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected] good strategy is to complete question 1, then question 6, then the remaining 4 questions. Show all your work; partial credit is given for partial solutions. If your answer is incorrect, you can still receive credit for correct thinking if the person scoring the exam sees evidence of it on paper. If you make a mistake, just cross it out—don ...AP Microeconomics Scoring Guidelines Author: College Board Subject: 2018 AP Exam Administration Keywords: AP Scoring Guidelines; 2018 AP Exam Administration; Advanced Placement; scoring information; scoring resources; exam resources; exam information; teacher resources; student resources; ADA Created Date: 6/30/2018 12:28:52 PM2021 AP Exam Predictions. Updated: Aug 29. The crystal ball yielded some excellent predictions last year, so we got it back out and started thinking about the 2021 AP Exam. With this school year being a crazy sprint back and forth between in-person and virtual teaching, we hope that the AP Exam stays relatively settled (and predictable).AP ® Microeconomics 2021 Free-Response Questions . 1. The government of an island nation grants SkyRunner Airlines exclusive monopoly rights to serve the island. SkyRunner is earning positive economic profits. (a) Draw a correctly labeled graph for SkyRunner, and show each of the following. (i) The profit-maximizing quantity of tickets ...2012 AP ® CHINESE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Overview Key screen images from the free-response section of the AP Chinese Language and Culture Exam are included in this document. The actual exam includes other screens, such as message boxes and help screens, which students may view while taking the exam.Fiveable is best place to study for your AP® exams. Free AP Statistics study guides for Unit 2 - Exploring Two-Variable Data. Cram Mode. Guides. Practice. Events. ... 🌶️ AP Cram Sessions 2021. ... AP Stats Unit 7 FRQ Practice Prompt (#1) Answers & Feedback ...AP ® STATISTICS 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES . Question 1 . Intent of Question The primary goals of this question were to assess a student’s ability to (1) identify various values in regression computer output; (2) interpret the intercept of a regression line in context; (3) interpret the coefficient of determination 2. in context; and (4 ...Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 25 minutes each to answer. Questions 3 through 6 are short free-response questions that require about 10 minutes each to answer. Read each question carefully and completely.

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AP ® Music Theory 2022 Free-Response Questions. Write your response to QUESTION 2 on this page. Question 2. The melody will be played four times. There will be a pause of 30 seconds after the first playing and a one-minute pause after each subsequent playing. The melody you will hear uses all four of the measures provided below and contains no ...10 feb 2021 ... AP Statistics. In-School Paper and Pencil. In-School Paper and Pencil ... and free-response question they'll encounter on exam day. Readiness ...Questions & Worked Solutions For AP Statistics 2021 Exam. AP Statistics 2021 Exam Questions (pdf) 2021 AP Statistics Free Response #1. 2021 AP Statistics Free Response #2. 2021 AP Statistics Free Response #3. Corrections for Question 3: (b) I left out an interpretation of the expected value. One way to write it would be to say “An employee ...AP® Statistics 2003 Free-Response Questions These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service ® (ETS ), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirDownload free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected] Statistics Exam Date – AP Students | College Board. Tuesday, May 7, 2024 12 PM Local. Possible responses to the 2017 AP Stats Free Response questions, draft #1. You can access the questions here. Note: I construct these as a service for both students and teachers to start discussions. There is nothing "official" about these solutions. I certainly can't even guarantee that they are correct. They probably have typos and ...2021 AP ® Chemistry Sample Student Responses ... Directions: Questions 1-3 are long free-response questions . that . require . about . 23 minutes each to answer . and . are worth 10 points each. Questions . 4-7 are short . free-response . ques1ions that . require,about . 9 minutes . each . to answer and are worth . 4 .AP Statistics, 2021-2022. Mrs. Andrea Berry-Guth. J.W. Mitchell High School [email protected]. Welcome to AP Statistics! Philosophy. Statistics is ...Jul 14, 2023 · 2021 AP Free Response Solutions. Updated: Jul 14. If you're looking for help in AP Physics 1, check out a new course I've put together here I'm going to put together my own solutions for the 2021 AP Physics 1, AP Physics 2, AP Physics C, AP Calculus AB, AP Calculus BC, and AP Statistics Free Response questions here, after the questions are ... ….

Mar 1, 2022 · What is the average AP® Statistics score? The average score is different for every exam because of variation in students taking the exam and question difficulty. The averages for the past 7 years were 2.86 in 2014, 2.80 in 2015, 2.88 in 2016, 2.72 in 2017, 2.88 in 2018, 2.87 in 2019 and 2.95 in 2020. A simple average of these scores over the ... AP Calculus AB 2021 Free-Response Questions Author: ETS Subject: Free-Response Questions from the 2021 AP Calculus AB Exam Keywords: Calculus AB; Free-Response Questions; 2021; exam resources; exam information; teaching resources; exam practice Created Date: 20190730140146Z2021 AP Exam Administration Scoring Guidelines - AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based Author: College Board Subject: Advanced Placement; AP; Keywords: 2021 ; AP Exam Administration ; Scoring Guidelines; scoring information; free-response scoring criteria; scoring resources; FRQ; teacher resources; exam information; ADA Created Date: …Though many consider AP Statistics to be the "easy" AP math class (when compared to AP Calculus AB and BC), the exam is actually fairly rigorous, with only 16% of students receiving a 5 in 2021. The AP Statistics Exam challenges you to apply your statistics skills, and the Free Response portion is no exception. In this post, we'll cover ...55.4%. Jun 30. The 2022 AP Calculus AB Exam scores -- solid gains in strong calculus performance this year, resulting in the largest percentage of 5s since 2016. 1 student, out of ~270,000 worldwide, earned all 108/108 points possible …Minitab Statistical Software is a powerful tool that enables businesses to analyze data, identify trends, and make informed decisions. With its advanced capabilities, Minitab can also be used for predictive modeling.AP® Statistics 2006 Scoring Guidelines The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,000 schools, colleges, universities, and otherStatistics A, C, and D appear to be unbiased. This is indicated by the fact that the mean of the estimated sampling distribution for each of these statistics is about 75, the value of the true population parameter. Part (b): Statistic A would be a better choice because it appears to be unbiased. Although the variability of the twoThough many consider AP Statistics to be the “easy” AP math class (when compared to AP Calculus AB and BC), the exam is actually fairly rigorous, with only 16% of students receiving a 5 in 2021. The AP Statistics Exam challenges you to apply your statistics skills, and the Free Response portion is no exception. In this post, we’ll cover ...AP® Statistics 2002 Scoring Guidelines Form B These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service ® (ETS ), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their 2021 ap statistics frq, Sign in to access your AP or Pre-AP resources and tools including AP Classroom., Do you want to see how to answer the AP Statistics question 4 in 2013? Check out this pdf file that provides the scoring guidelines, sample responses, and scoring distributions for this question. You can also compare your solution with other related questions and learn from the feedback., AP Psychology is an introductory college-level psychology course. Students cultivate their understanding of the systematic and scientific study of human behavior and mental processes through inquiry-based investigations as they explore concepts like the biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning and cognition, motivation, developmental psychology, testing and individual ..., Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]., The AP Calculus BC Exam has consistent question types, weighting, and scoring guidelines every year, so you and your students know what to expect on exam day. Section I: Multiple Choice. 45 Questions | 1 Hour 45 minutes | 50% of Exam Score. Part A: 30 questions; 60 minutes (calculator not permitted). Part B: 15 questions; 45 minutes (graphing ..., No. 2 pencils for your multiple-choice answer sheet. (Students outside the U.S.: bring HB or No. 2 pencils.) Pens with black or dark blue ink for completing areas on the exam booklet covers and for free-response questions in most exams. An acceptable calculator if your AP Exam allows the use of a calculator. If you don't attend the school ..., Mar 1, 2022 · What is the average AP® Statistics score? The average score is different for every exam because of variation in students taking the exam and question difficulty. The averages for the past 7 years were 2.86 in 2014, 2.80 in 2015, 2.88 in 2016, 2.72 in 2017, 2.88 in 2018, 2.87 in 2019 and 2.95 in 2020. A simple average of these scores over the ... , 12 may 2021 ... You will have 90 minutes to answer 40 multiple-choice questions and 90 minutes to answer 6 free-response questions. The digital exam, however, ..., AP Score Release Dates for 2023. If you took your AP exams in May, you can expect your scores to be available in early to mid July, 2023. Although College Board has not announced an exact date when scores will be released, they traditionally become available by the second week in July. Each student typically receives all their test scores at ..., About the Course. Explore and investigate the interrelationships of the natural world and analyze environmental problems, both natural and human-made. You'll take part in laboratory investigations and field work. Note: Save your lab notebooks and reports; colleges may ask to see them before granting you credit., -2- Formulas begin on page 3. Questions begin on page 6. Tables begin on page 13. 2017 AP ® STATISTICS FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS, AP Statistics 2001 Solutions and Scoring Guidelines These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service (ETS), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their ..., AP ® Music Theory 2022 Free-Response Questions. Write your response to QUESTION 2 on this page. Question 2. The melody will be played four times. There will be a pause of 30 seconds after the first playing and a one-minute pause after each subsequent playing. The melody you will hear uses all four of the measures provided below and contains no ..., AP® CHEMISTRY 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES . Question 1 . 1. Each of three beakers contains 25.0 mL of a 0.100 M solution of HCl, NH 3, or NH 4 Cl, as shown above. Each solution is at 25°C. (a) Determine the pH of the solution in beaker 1. Justify your answer. pH = -log[H +] = -log(0.100) = 1.000. 1 point is earned for the correct pH., How to Practice AP Statistics Free-Response Questions. The best way to study for the AP Stats Free-Response section is to answer lots of practice free-response questions. Fortunately, the College Board makes this easy to do! On their website, you can find official free-response questions from 1998-2021. , AP® STATISTICS 2019 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 2 Intent of Question The primary goals of this question were to assess a student's ability to (1) identify components of an experiment; (2) determine if an experiment has a control group; and (3) describe how experimental units can be randomly assigned to treatments. Solution Part (a):, Here are all of the FRQs from previous AP Statistics Exams according to topic. A huge thank you to Josh Tabor for always updating this list. Searchable List of All Free-Response Questions Ever. CED Unit 1: Exploring One-Variable Data. CED Unit 2: Exploring Two-Variable Data. CED Unit 3: Collecting Data., AP® STATISTICS 2019 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 2 Intent of Question The primary goals of this question were to assess a student’s ability to (1) identify components of an experiment; (2) determine if an experiment has a control group; and (3) describe how experimental units can be randomly assigned to treatments. Solution Part (a):, The line of reasoning—the “intoxicating feeling of authority”—is introduced in the first paragraph of the essay and is thoroughly developed and supported by specific evidence and perceptive commentary., 2021 AP Exam Administration Sample Student Responses - AP Biology: Free-Response Question 6 Author: College Board Subject: ... FRQ; teacher resources; exam information; student resources; free-response questions; ADA Created Date: 12/20/2022 10:02:31 AM ..., AP® STATISTICS 2017 SCORING GUIDELINES . Question . 3 Intent of Question . The primary goals of this question were to assess a student's ability to (1) calculate a probability from a normal distribution; (2) calculate a weighted probability from two individual probabilities; and (3) calculate, Walkthrough of the 2019 AP Statistics FRQ #4 Join My Discord Study Server: https://discord.gg/8WGtt3rCorrections:Should be using pooled variance. The result..., Made for any learning environment, AP teachers can assign these short videos on every topic and skill as homework alongside topic questions, warm-ups, lectures, reviews, and more. AP students can also access videos on their own for additional support. Videos are available in AP Classroom, on your Course Resources page., It is Thursday morning, May 19, and you will be taking either the AP Calculus AB Exam or the AP Calculus BC Exam. In a moment, you will open the packet that contains your exam materials. By opening this packet, you agree to all of the AP Program's policies and procedures outlined in the 2015 - 16 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents., The 2022 Statistics exam format will be: Section 1: Multiple Choice - 50% of your score. 40 questions in 1 hr 30 mins. Section 2: Free Response - 50% of your score. 6 questions in 1 hr 30 mins. Part A: 65 mins. 1 multipart question with a focus on collecting data. 1 multipart question with a focus on exploring data., Questions 3 through 6 are short free-response questions that require about 10 minutes each to answer. Read each question carefully and completely. Answers must be written out in paragraph form., Free-Response Questions from the 2022 AP Comparative Government and Politics Exam Keywords: Comparative Government and Politics; Free-Response Questions; 2022; exam resources; exam information; teaching resources; exam practice; Set 1 Created Date: 10/1/2021 8:36:32 AM ..., 2021 AP ® Statistics Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free Response Question 3 ... FRQ; teacher resources; exam information; student resources; free-response questions; ADA Created Date: 8/17/2021 5:26:11 PM ..., Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]., On the AP Physics 1 exam, there are two long FRQs and three short FRQs. Each of the long FRQs should take about 25 minutes to answer, and each of the short FRQs should take about 13 minutes. However, these questions may show up on the exam in any order, so don't assume that the first two questions are the long FRQs., AP Statistics Exam (Administration 3 only). Paper Test: 6 Free Response Questions; Digital Test: 11 Multiple Choice Questions + 4 Free Response Questions ..., 2021 AP ® Chemistry Scoring Guidelines ... Scoring Guidelines; scoring information; free-response scoring criteria; scoring resources; FRQ; teacher resources; exam information; ADA ..., AP® STATISTICS 2019 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 (continued) • Spread: A response recognizing all values in the sample fall between 100 and 350 square feet (or between 134 and 315 square feet ) satisfies component 3 only for these exact endpoints and need not appeal to a specific measure of spread such as range or interquartile range (IQR).