Halite specific gravity

Halite breaks into cubes. Not all minerals have strong cleavage. Hardness is determined by the resistance of a mineral to scratching. The Moh’s Scale of Hardness (named after the man who established it) lists minerals from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest). ... Specific gravity is a measure of the density of a mineral.

Halite has perfect cubic cleavage, meaning it breaks along planes that are perpendicular to each other. It is a relatively soft mineral, with a hardness of 2.5 on the Mohs scale. Halite has a specific gravity of 2.1, meaning it is lighter than average rock. CalciteWhat is its specific gravity? (The cleavage of halite causes it to break into a rectangular solid.) SG < Prev 6 of 15 Next > @ 9A Assignment Saved 3 attempts left Check my work A spherical specimen of the mineral chalcopyrite measures 5.7 cm in diameter and has a mass of 417.83 g.Material properties of gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more. Related Documents . Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids - Physical Data Molweight, melting and boiling point, density, pKa-values, as well as number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in molecules are given for 150 different alcohols and acids. API GravityThe two principal end members are marialite, Na 4 (AlSi 3 O 8) 3 Cl, equivalent in composition to albite plus halite; and meionite, Ca 4 (Al 2 Si 2 O 8) 3 (CO 3,SO 4), equivalent in composition to anorthite plus calcite/anhydrite. ... specific gravity: 2.55: cleavage/fracture: good {100}, poor {110}/conchoidal: luster/transparency: vitreous ...Specific gravity- 2.6! Cleavage: 2 directions of cleavage at nearly right angles. Color: pink. Hardness= 6. ... Halite. Softer than glass but harder than a fingernail ...

Water Filtration: Garnet’s high specific gravity and sharp edges make it effective in water filtration systems, removing debris and particles from water. Lapidary and Carvings: Garnets are used by artists and lapidaries to create intricate sculptures, carvings, and jewelry designs due to their appealing colors and transparency.The mass of 1 milliliter of normal saline is 1.0046 grams at 22 °C “(Wikipedia Saline (medical)} The 1.0046 g/ml is a density value not a specific gravity value. Specific gravity is a relative density computation based upon a designated reference. If the designated reference is H2O at 4 oC , then the specific gravity would be the same …Specific Gravity, etc. Luster Mineral Name 5 to 6 Green to black or no streak 2 cleavage planes at 90° Black to dark green, blocky appearance Dull to vitreous Pyroxene 1.5 to 2.5 Yellow to white Conchoidal to irregular fracture Yellow, translucent, smells like sulfur Earthy to pearly Sulfur 1 to 2 White 1 weak cleavage plane Gray, green,Regardless of their different appearances, all varieties of hematite exhibit a distinctive reddish-brown streak that serves to distinguish it from most common minerals. The mineral’s most common varieties are metallic and earthy hematite. Metallic hematite, also called specular hematite, has a shiny luster and may exhibit a micaceous habit ...Specific Gravity: The specific gravity of calcite ranges from 2.71 to 2.94, indicating that it is relatively lightweight compared to some other minerals. This property contributes to its use in various applications, including in the production of …Material properties of gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more. Related Documents . Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids - Physical Data Molweight, melting and boiling point, density, pKa-values, as well as number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in molecules are given for 150 different alcohols and acids. API GravitySuch compounds, with the notable exceptions of halite (rock salt), sylvite, and fluorite, are rare and of very local occurrence. Compositionally and . Halide mineral, any of a group of naturally occurring ... specific gravity atacamite various bright green shades; dark emerald-green to blackish adamantine 3–3½ 3.8 calomel ...

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An unknown mineral scratches glass, has only average specific gravity, and shows no cleavage but does show conchoidal fracture. Which of the following could it be? A. quartz B. talc C. halite D. mica, Calcite and aragonite minerals that constitute clam shells are examples of which method of mineral formation? A. solidification of ... Transcribed image text: A sample of the mineral halite measures 13.67 cm long by 13.16 cm wide by 12.00 cm high and has a mass of 4,671.04 g. What is its specific gravity? (The cleavage of halite causes it to break into a rectangular solid.) SG- A spherical specimen of the mineral chalcopyrite measures 3.5 cm in diameter and has a mass of 93.65 g.Specific Gravity: 2.3: Diagnostic Properties: Cleavage, specific gravity, low hardness: Chemical Composition: Hydrous calcium sulfate, CaSO 4. 2H 2 O: Crystal System: …Pyrrhotite is the second most common magnetic mineral. It can easily be identified by its magnetic properties, lower hardness, and bronze color. Lodestone: A specimen of lodestone that has attracted numerous tiny particles of iron. This specimen is approximately 10 centimeters across. Magnetite Crystals: Octahedral crystals are a common crystal ...Halite —common table salt—always forms perfect cubes. Quartz crystals, with their double-pointed ends and six-sided ... density must be measured. The most common measure of density used by geologists is specific gravity, which is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water at 4°C. For ...

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Halite, also known as rock salt or sodium chloride (NaCl), is a naturally occurring mineral that holds significant importance in various aspects of human life. ... Specific Gravity 2.17 Diagnostic Properties Salty flavor, Fluorescent Crystal System Cubic Tenacity Brittle Fracture Conchoidal Density 2.168 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.165 g/cm3 (Calculated ...Specific Gravity. Specific gravity is the relative weight of the mineral to an equal volume of water. For example, gold has a specific gravity of 15-19.3 and is thus 15 to 19.3 times as heavy as water. It is possible to make a fairly good estimate of specific gravity by checking the mineral’s weight in your hand.Such compounds, with the notable exceptions of halite (rock salt), sylvite ... specific gravity. atacamite, various bright green shades; dark emerald-green ...Often interbedded with halite. Link to MinDat.org Location Data. Name Origin: ... (Electron Density)=2.97 gm/cc note: Specific Gravity of Anhydrite =2.97 gm/cc.Throughout human history, chalcopyrite has been our leading source of copper. This is despite having a relatively low copper yield (only 25% of its atoms are copper) compared to other copper minerals such as chalcocite and cuprite (both with 67% yields), or bornite and covellite (that have 50% yields). However, chalcopyrite is much more ...

Its specific gravity is about 20% greater than halite's. Sometimes this mineral is described as having a glass-like appearance. Sample 4. A fingernail can't scratch this sample, but newer pennies can impart a slight scratch to its surface. Its specific gravity is very slightly greater than that of quartz. Sample 5.Dust storms are most likely to deposit windblown silt, commonly called ________. dunes desert pavement blowout loess. Deflation may lead to ________. till meanders blowouts drumlins. Study Ch. 1 - 4 Test GEL111 Earth Science flashcards. Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper.Galena, also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide (PbS). It is the most important ore of lead and an important source of silver.. Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals.It crystallizes in the cubic crystal system often showing octahedral forms. It is often associated with the minerals sphalerite, calcite …H=Hardness; SG = specific gravity Mineral H SG Streak Color (and/or luster) Form Cleavage/Fracture Distinctive properties Garnet X3Y2(SiO4)3 where X and Y are combinations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al 7 3.5-4.3 White Red, black, or brown; can be yellow, green, pink. Glassy. Translucent. Dodecahedrons (12-sided polygons) No cleavage. Brittle. Conchoidal Specific gravity: 2.16: Cleavage: Perfect cubic {100} Fracture: Conchoidal: Luster: Vitreous: Transparency: ... Ragged halite crystal on a grain of sand from ...Salt (halite) Halite (NaCl) is a soft, light colored or clear mineral that forms cubic crystals. Vast beds of salt evaporated from shallow seas that covered Ohio at times during the Silurian Period. Habit: Commonly well crystallized; cubic crystals; granular aggregates; may be massive. Physical properties: Cleavage: {001} perfect cubic. Specific Gravity: The specific gravity of calcite ranges from 2.71 to 2.94, indicating that it is relatively lightweight compared to some other minerals. This property contributes to its use in various applications, including in the production of …Specific Gravity: 3.0 - 3.3: Luster: Vitreous: Cleavage: 1, all sides: Fracture: Conchoidal: Tenacity: Brittle: Other ID Marks: Commonly fluorescent in a variety of colors. Complex Tests: Red and green fluorite become phosphorescent if heated higher than 212º F (100º C) In Group: Halides: Striking Features: Perfect cleavage, low hardness, and ...

Throughout human history, chalcopyrite has been our leading source of copper. This is despite having a relatively low copper yield (only 25% of its atoms are copper) compared to other copper minerals such as chalcocite and cuprite (both with 67% yields), or bornite and covellite (that have 50% yields). However, chalcopyrite is much more ...

Gold has a density of about 19 g/cm 3; pyrite has a density of about 5 g/cm 3 —that’s another way to tell pyrite from gold. Quartz is even less dense than pyrite and has a density of 2.7 g/cm 3. The specific gravity of a substance compares its density to that of water. Substances that are more dense have higher specific gravity. Other minerals may have a specific taste different from that of halite. Other ... Specific Gravity. The specific gravity (G) of a mineral is a number that rep ...The physical property denoting a mineral's tendency to crack along parallel, planar surfaces is. cleavage. As the rate of cooling increases, the size of the crystals that form_________. decreases. Igneous rock is formed________. by crystallization of magma. Select the coarse-grained rock which is composed mainly of quartz and potassium feldspar.Salt VARIETIES Hydrohalite - Hydrohalite is not really a variety of Halite, but a very rare, similar mineral. Its chemical formula is "NaCl · 2H2O", which is in essence Halite …Geology 122 Ch 5 Quiz. An unknown mineral scratches glass, has only average specific gravity, and shows no cleavage but does show conchoidal fracture. Which of the following could it be? Quartz. Only quartz meets these specifications; talc is too soft, and halite and mica have excellent cleavage.Such compounds, with the notable exceptions of halite (rock salt), sylvite, and fluorite, are rare and of very local occurrence. Compositionally and . Halide mineral, any of a group of …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which pair of minerals listed below are polymorphs? a) calcite and dolomite b) quartz and halite c) graphite and mica d) diamond and topaz e) graphite and diamond, An unknown mineral scratches glass, has only average specific gravity, and shows no cleavage but does show conchoidal fracture.Optical Properties of Halite : Optical Data: Isotropic, n=1.544. Calculated Properties of Halite : Electron Density: Bulk Density (Electron Density)=2.07 gm/cc note: Specific Gravity of Halite =2.16 gm/cc. Fermion Index: Fermion Index = 0 Boson Index = 1 : Photoelectric:Specific Gravity (g/ cm3). Sample 1 Sample 2. 1. Quartz. 2. Galena. 3. Halite. 4. Calcite. 5. Pink Microline. Feldspar. 6. Chalcopyrite. 7. Magnetite. 8.Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass (weight) of a rock to the mass of the same volume of water. Water has a density of 1.0 g/cm3, so the numeric value of specific gravity for a rock is the same as that for density. Because specific gravity is a ratio, it has no unit. Specific gravity is easier to measure than density.

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Such compounds, with the notable exceptions of halite (rock salt), sylvite, and fluorite, are rare and of very local occurrence. Compositionally and . Halide mineral, any of a group of naturally occurring ... specific gravity atacamite various bright green shades; dark emerald-green to blackish adamantine 3–3½ 3.8 calomel ...Chalcopyrite is easily the most widespread copper-bearing mineral. A common mineral found in almost all sulfide deposits, chalcopyrite usually occurs in medium-temperature and high-temperature hydrothermal veins in igneous rocks or metamorphosed igneous rocks. Some economic chalcopyrite deposits form as hydrothermal fluids dissolve copper from ...Lunar mare simulant Black Point One (BP-1) was discovered during a Desert Research and Technology Studies (Desert RATS) analog test and was collected from a road metal quarry in the Black Point basalt flow in San Francisco Volcanic Field, in northern Arizona [1]. BP-1 was not further processed or modified after its collection from the quarry ...Oct 21, 2023 · D. Calcite will scratch fluorite., If you smashed a piece of halite (table salt) with a hammer and broke it into smaller pieces, the broken crystals would look like cubes, as seen in the image. This is because halite has:, An unknown mineral scratches glass, has only average specific gravity, and shows no cleavage but does show conchoidal fracture. Halite, also known as rock salt or sodium chloride (NaCl), is a naturally occurring mineral that holds significant importance in various aspects of human life. ... Specific Gravity 2.17 Diagnostic Properties Salty flavor, Fluorescent Crystal System Cubic Tenacity Brittle Fracture Conchoidal Density 2.168 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.165 g/cm3 (Calculated ...Hematite in Thin Section. Hematite can be tricky. If it’s too thick, it’ll be as opaque as any metallic mineral. If it’s thin enough, you can see its reddish color in both PPL and XPL. Dust storms are most likely to deposit windblown silt, commonly called ________. dunes desert pavement blowout loess. Deflation may lead to ________. till meanders blowouts drumlins. Study Ch. 1 - 4 Test GEL111 Earth Science flashcards. Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which pair of minerals listed below are polymorphs? a) calcite and dolomite b) quartz and halite c) graphite and mica d) diamond and topaz e) graphite and diamond, An unknown mineral scratches glass, has only average specific gravity, and shows no cleavage but does show conchoidal fracture.The two principal end members are marialite, Na 4 (AlSi 3 O 8) 3 Cl, equivalent in composition to albite plus halite; and meionite, Ca 4 (Al 2 Si 2 O 8) 3 (CO 3,SO 4), equivalent in composition to anorthite plus calcite/anhydrite. ... specific gravity: 2.55: cleavage/fracture: good {100}, poor {110}/conchoidal: luster/transparency: vitreous ...Intrusive igneous rocks Question 1 options: are fine-grained because they cooled slowly. are fine-grained because they cooled slowly. are volcanic rocks. are rocks like basalt, andesite, and rhyolite. are never seen by humans because they form and remain deep within the Earth. cool slowly and are coarse-grained. ….

H=Hardness; SG = specific gravity Mineral H SG Streak Color Form Cleavage/Fracture Distinctive properties Pyrite FeS2 6-6.5 5 Dark grey Brass yellow; tarnishes brown. Cubes or octahedrons Brittle. No cleavage. Cubic form, brassy color, and SG=5. Magnetite Fe3O4 6 5.2 Dark grey Silvery grey to black. Tarnishes grey. Opaque. Octahedrons No cleavage.Tastes like salt. Halite. 3 Directions not at 90. Reacts with Acid. Vitreous ... High specific gravity. Galena. Green-black, or dark green streak. No Cleavage.Specific Gravity: The ideal specific gravity is between 10 and 11. Oxidation and radioactive decay will alter the mineralogical composition and can reduce the specific gravity to as low as 6.5. Diagnostic Properties: Radioactivity, color, luster, specific gravity, lack of cleavage, crystal form / habit, yellow oxidation products. Chemical ...It is soft (H = 2.5) and has relatively high specific gravity (5.55). Tarnished appearance and occurrence with other silver minerals aid identification. It is generally very fine …It is soft (H = 2.5) and has relatively high specific gravity (5.55). Tarnished appearance and occurrence with other silver minerals aid identification. It is generally very fine …H=Hardness; SG = specific gravity Mineral H SG Streak Color Form Cleavage/Fracture Distinctive properties Pyrite FeS2 6-6.5 5 Dark grey Brass yellow; tarnishes brown. Cubes or octahedrons Brittle. No cleavage. Cubic form, brassy color, and SG=5. Magnetite Fe3O4 6 5.2 Dark grey Silvery grey to black. Tarnishes grey. Opaque. Octahedrons No cleavage.Salt varies in color from colorless when pure, to white, gray or brownish, which is typical of rock salt (halite). ... Density or specific gravity, 2.165 (135 lb/ ...Another property geologists may use to identify minerals is a property related to density called specific gravity. Specific gravity measures the weight of a mineral specimen relative to the weight of an equal volume of water. The value is expressed as a ratio between the mineral and water weights. To measure specific gravity, a mineral specimen ... Halite specific gravity, Particle Briefings from READE: Weight Per Cubic Foot And Specific Gravity (Typical) of metals, minerals, ceramics, and organics., Halite (/ ˈ h æ l aɪ t, ˈ h eɪ l aɪ t /), commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride (Na Cl).Halite forms isometric crystals. The mineral is typically colorless or white, but may also be light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic ..., specific gravity: 2.9), and barium substitutes for magnesium to form barytocalcite (crystal system: monoclinic; color: white to greenish; hardness: 4; specific gravity: 3.67). Barytocalcite is a polymorph of alstonite and may fluoresce under ultraviolet light. Its high specific gravity makes it feel h eavy, and it may resemble heavy calcite., ... specific gravity, 2.1 to 2.6 per cent. Colorless or white when pure, but ... Halite; Sodium Chloride; or Common Salt. Composition Na CI,^sodium 60.6 per cent ..., Galena tarnishes to a dull gray. Because lead is a primary element in galena, the mineral has a high specific gravity (7.4 to 7.6) that is immediately noticed when picking up even small pieces. Galena is soft with a Mohs hardness of 2.5+ and …, The process fluid is not common brine and therefore, the specific heat, specific gravity, thermal conductivity and viscosity information are to be furnished by the user in order to make heat exchanger selection. Brine concentration is usually expressed by percent by weight, not percent by volume., Gypsum (CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O) has a specific gravity of 2.32 and hardness of 2. It is commonly colorless, white, or gray. Shades of yellow, red, and brown result from impurities. Crystals, when present, are generally of tabular or prismatic habit and crystallize in the monoclinic system., A) garnet B)galena C) olivine D) halite 38.The diagram below represents a sample of mineral A. Mineral A is most likely A) muscovite mica B)fluorite C) olivine D) graphite 39.The graph below shows the hardness of four minerals. Which mineral is hard enough to scratch calcite but is not hard enough to scratch amphibole? A) cleavage and color, Figure 3.6: Cubic arrangement of Na and Cl in halite. Ionic bonds, also called electron-transfer bonds, ... Another property geologists may use to identify minerals is a property related to density called specific gravity. Specific gravity measures the weight of a mineral specimen relative to the weight of an equal volume of water., Gypsum (CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O) has a specific gravity of 2.32 and hardness of 2. It is commonly colorless, white, or gray. Shades of yellow, red, and brown result from impurities. Crystals, when present, are generally of tabular or prismatic habit and crystallize in the monoclinic system., Calcite has perfect cleavage in three directions to produce rhombohedra. (Cleavage in aragonite is generally less well developed.) Hardness. 3 (down to 2.5 on some surfaces) – easily scratched by a metal nail, but too hard to be scratched by a fingernail. Aragonite is slightly harder, from 3.5 to 4. Specific Gravity., Specific Gravity. Specific gravity (SG) or relative density is a unitless number that expresses the ratio between the weight of a substance and the weight of an equal volume of water at 4degree (max ρ). Density (p) is the weight of a substance per volume= g/cm3. It is different than SG, and varies from one locality to another (max. at …, Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An unknown mineral scratches glass, has only average specific gravity, and shows no cleavage but does show conchoidal fracture. Which of the following could it be? A.quartz B.talc C.halite D.mica, Calcite and aragonite minerals that constitute clam shells are examples of which method …, A related property, specific gravity (G), is often used instead. ... They are mostly borates (such as borax), halides (e.g., halite), and sulfates (e.g., gypsum). Silicates (including quartz and all the other common rock-forming silicates) and carbonates (e.g., calcite or dolomite) range from about 2.5 to 3.5. Oxides and sulfides may have ..., Specific gravity (unitless) is the ratio of the mass of a mineral to the mass of an equal volume of water at 1 atm, and because mass and weight are proportional, we normally determine specific gravity by …, SG might also be used (as Archimedes did) to distinguish pure gold (SG = 19.3) from 14K gold (SG =13.3) or pyrite (SG = 5.1). Some specific gravities of minerals are shown below. Online mineral vendors sell equipment for determining specific gravity, but it is simple to do in the lab. Specific gravity is related to density, but it is unitless., Galena, also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide (PbS). It is the most important ore of lead and an important source of silver.. Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals.It crystallizes in the cubic crystal system often showing octahedral forms. It is often associated with the minerals sphalerite, calcite …, An atoms mass number is 13 and it's atomic number is six. How many neutrons are in its nucleus. A Cubic centimeter of quartz, olivine, and gold weighs 2.5, 3.0, and 19.8 grams respectively. This indicates that. Study Chapter Two Practice Quiz flashcards. Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper. , As a consequence, gypsum typically occurs as layers associated with limestone, dolostone, shale, and rock salt. As seawater evaporates, gypsum is the first ‘salt’ to be precipitated, followed by anhydrite, halite, and finally sylvite. Usually found with other evaporite and carbonate minerals, such as anhydrite, calcite, dolomite, borax, and ..., The specific gravity of diesel fuel oil varies between 0.81 to 0.96. Specific gravity of diesel fuel oil is recorded at 15.6 degree centigrade. Specific gravity of diesel fuel oil is a comparison of its density with that of pure water., Salt VARIETIES Hydrohalite - Hydrohalite is not really a variety of Halite, but a very rare, similar mineral. Its chemical formula is "NaCl · 2H2O", which is in essence Halite …, Regardless of their different appearances, all varieties of hematite exhibit a distinctive reddish-brown streak that serves to distinguish it from most common minerals. The mineral’s most common varieties are metallic and earthy hematite. Metallic hematite, also called specular hematite, has a shiny luster and may exhibit a micaceous habit ..., Changes in density of aqueous solutions with changes in concentration at 20°C. Density of potassium salts in water is plotted as function of wt%, mol/kg water and mol/l solution. Sponsored Links. Be aware of the concentration units in the figures: wt%: Mass of solute/total mass of solution*100%. mol/kg: Molality = moles of solute/kg of water., The Mohs hardness is 3.5, and the specific gravity is 2.9. The color is white, sometimes greyish, bluish, or purple. On the best developed of the three cleavages, the lustre is pearly; on other surfaces it is glassy., The easiest way to determine the specific gravity of a mineral is to compare two minerals of equal size and judge how "heavy" the minerals feel. The mineral that is heavier has a higher specific gravity. Most rock-forming minerals have relatively low specific gravity, ranging between 2.6 and 3.5 (e.g., alkali feldspar ~ 2.6)., Oct 21, 2023 · Specific gravity- 2.6! Cleavage: 2 directions of cleavage at nearly right angles. Color: pink. Hardness= 6. ... Halite. Softer than glass but harder than a fingernail ... , 1. Metallic luster; harder than glass; red-brown streak; gray or reddish brown; hardness=5-6; specific gravity=5; platy appearance 2. Nonmetallic luster; softer than a fingernail; cleavage poor or absent; reddish brown; hardness=1-5; specific gravity=4-5; red streak; earthy appearance. Pyrite., False. All silicate minerals contain which two elements? silicon, oxygen. Nonmetallic minerals like halite and gypsum have no industrial uses. False. The most unreliable (variable) diagnostic property of minerals such as quartz is ________. color. The resistance of a mineral to be scratched is known as ________. Hardness., ... specific gravity, 2.1 to 2.6 per cent. Colorless or white when pure, but ... Halite; Sodium Chloride; or Common Salt. Composition Na CI,^sodium 60.6 per cent ..., Salt- and shale-detached gravity-driven failure of continental margins. Mark G. Rowan, in Regional Geology and Tectonics (Second Edition), 2020 Diapir dissolution. Halite and some of the other salt minerals are highly soluble, so dissolve in the presence of undersaturated water. This occurs primarily in the phreatic zone due to the circulation of meteoric groundwater (e.g. Warren, 2016) and ..., Halite. History: First described prior to 1959. Tests: Soluble in cold water, salty flavor and produces a yellow flame when heated. ... Specific Gravity: 2.1-2.2: Group. Halides. Composition. NaCl. Follow Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Facebook; Twitter; Linked In; Instagram, Mineral Identification - Density & Specific Gravity. Minerals can vary significantly in their density, which is most commonly expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc or g/cm3). Density is a function of a mineral's crystal lattice structure and the atoms making up the mineral's chemical formula. Minerals that form near Earth's surface ..., Calcite has perfect cleavage in three directions to produce rhombohedra. (Cleavage in aragonite is generally less well developed.) Hardness. 3 (down to 2.5 on some surfaces) – easily scratched by a metal nail, but too hard to be scratched by a fingernail. Aragonite is slightly harder, from 3.5 to 4. Specific Gravity.