Sarsaparilla history

The name sarsaparilla or salsaparilla, as the plant is known in English, had been used for various species of the genus Smilax for centuries. When the Smurfs became a phenomenon in the United States, the sarsaparilla shrub lost its berries, because many American viewers were thought to be familiar with sarsaparilla as a real plant.

If you’re in the market for a used car, one of the most important pieces of information you’ll need is its history report. A vehicle history report provides detailed information about a car’s past, including its previous owners, accident hi...Sarsaparilla. A close cousin to sassafras is sarsaparilla, a vine native to Mexico and Central America. Indigenous peoples of the areas similarly used this vine for its medicinal properties, similar to those of sassafras. Health Benefits of Sassafras and Sarsaparilla. The health benefits of both plants have been lauded for centuries and include:Market School // 1904. August 29, 2020. In the small town of Tunbridge, Vermont, it is impossible to not be impressed by the rustic landscape, historic architecture, and vast farmland. The town was established in 1761 and today has a population of under 1,200. In rural Vermont towns, small one room schools were often scattered all over to ...Market School // 1904. August 29, 2020. In the small town of Tunbridge, Vermont, it is impossible to not be impressed by the rustic landscape, historic architecture, and vast farmland. The town was established in 1761 and today has a population of under 1,200. In rural Vermont towns, small one room schools were often scattered all over to ...Dr. Townsend's Sarsaparilla, 1849-1900 Add to Set Contact us About this Share. Artifact. Medicine bottle. Date Made. 1849-1900. Creators. Townsend, S. P. (Samuel P.) Place of Creation. ... From historic images to vivid descriptions, a record of rich detail is bundled inside a single card.

12 កញ្ញា 2016 ... Chapter 121 Sarsaparilla Species Michael T. Murray, ND Chapter Contents General Description Chemical Composition History and Folk Use ...10 វិច្ឆិកា 2014 ... Social History of Medicine, Volume 28, Issue 1, February 2015, Pages ... Sarsaparilla'. I examine the economic, political and cultural ...Hood’s Sarsaparilla was big business in the late 19th and early 20th centuries – you can get an idea how big from this picture of the Massachusetts laboratory. ... Historical health fraud, patent remedies and the strange medical cases of the past. Sophie Rendahl (1883-1981) married medical fraudst. Samuel Ricket Chamley (1852-1920) was a ...Aug 29, 2023 · Sarmatia. sarong. SARS. sarsaparilla. sarsenet. sartorial. sashay. SARSAPARILLA Meaning: "bramble" (from Arabic sharas "thorny plant" or Basque …Uses of Sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla has a lot of names it is a very beneficial tropical plant. Every part of the sarsaparilla has a benefit in it. It is packed with nutrition and benefits. It can have various uses. Some of the uses of sarsaparilla are: Sarsaparilla is available in the form of capsules.

Popular in historic Singapore was Penis soup and Snake meat (Figure 2), whilst Surabaya was known for Cobra meat and Cobra blood ... Sarsaparilla has been used world wide for its systemic benefits , especially sexually . Licorice root: many cultures have used licorice root and value its properties.Sweet & Spicy Sarsaparilla is a naturally caffeine-free, rich, warming and soothing tisane. ... Sign up to get the latest on tea education and history, tea ...Root beer is a sweet North American soft drink traditionally made using the root bark of the sassafras tree Sassafras albidum or the vine of Smilax ornata (known as sarsaparilla, also used to make a soft drink, sarsaparilla) as the primary flavor. Root beer is typically, but not exclusively, non-alcoholic, caffeine -free, sweet, and carbonated. Sarsaparilla's earliest purpose had to do with STIs. Though sarsaparilla was widely consumed as a cure-all and considered a health drink, it was commonly thought to cure a couple of specific diseases. Most notably, many people believed sarsaparilla healed syphilis; others hailed it as a cure for herpes; and the drink was also thought to cure ...18 វិច្ឆិកា 2015 ... Modern root beers do not include sassafras due to its potential health hazards. These beverages own a rich history weaved into the culture of ...

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Sarsaparilla is known for having a more bitter flavor, which led to the creation of root beer for a more sweet and enhanced flavor. The traditional ingredients are no longer used but brewmakers have created similar flavors using ingredients such as sarsaparilla root, vanilla, wintergreen, liquorice root, molasses, and a variety of spices.Uses of Sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla has a lot of names it is a very beneficial tropical plant. Every part of the sarsaparilla has a benefit in it. It is packed with nutrition and benefits. It can have various uses. Some of the uses of sarsaparilla are: Sarsaparilla is available in the form of capsules.Dr. Townsend's Sarsaparilla, 1849-1900 Add to Set Contact us About this Share. Artifact. Medicine bottle. Date Made. 1849-1900. Creators. Townsend, S. P. (Samuel P.) Place of Creation. ... From historic images to vivid descriptions, a record of rich detail is bundled inside a single card.May 5, 2014 · He lost, because of his ‘cold manner.’. According to his obituary, opposition to his candidacy was so strong he became unhinged. He grew so violent he ended up in an insane asylum in New Jersey for months. James Cook Ayer died at the age of 60 on July 3, 1878 in Winchendon, Mass. The town of Ayer, Mass., was named after him. 10 វិច្ឆិកា 2015 ... ... Sarsaparilla Syrup · Newer · Older. Top. Event Services · Contact · Projects · History · Press · Newsletter · Shipping Policy · Refund Policy ...History · Literature and the Arts · Medicine · People · Philosophy and Religion · Places · Plants and Animals · Science and Technology · Social Sciences and the ...

The granddaddy of all Root Beers, our Sioux City Sarsaparilla takes your taste buds back to the Old West ... Order History · Billing · Charges · Invoices.A sarsaparilla (I am so bored of typing this word) is a popular soft drink that was originally made from the Smilax ornata plant among others. Nowadays like most everything it is made with artificial ingredients. In some respects it is a bit similar to Dandelion and Burdock, which is a very British drink!.The internet is a powerful tool that can be used for a variety of purposes, from researching topics to shopping online. However, with all the information that is stored on the web, it’s important to know how to erase your internet history s...The Historian's Craft, University of Alabama at Birmingham. Columbus and his men are on their journey to America, and to their surprise, they seem to find "AYER'S SARSAPARILLA" waiting for them on the shores of the New World. In the play on words, the Victorian Trading Card claims, "Without Doubt the Discovery of America is Ayer's Sarsaparilla.Sarsaparilla, also known as Smilax Glabra Rhizome (SGR), was shown to modulate immunity, protect against liver injury, lower blood glucose and suppress cancer. However, its effects on cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion were unclear. In the present study, we found that the supernatant of water-soluble extract from SGR (SW) …This rare Townsends Sarsaparilla has an open pontil base, giving it a value of about $1,000. In the bottle-collecting field, the most popular sarsaparilla bottle is from Albany, N.Y. It is a gorgeous, large, square hand-blown bottle, usually found in a shimmering olive green, emerald green, or olive amber colored glass. MAUWE HERBS Sarsaparilla Root Organic Capsules - 1000mg Pure Sarsaparilla Powder Pills - Vegan Supplement for Pure & Potent Health Support - 250 Veggie Caps. Adult 100 Count (Pack of 1) 4.5 out of 5 stars 654. 100+ bought in past month. $22.99 $ 22. 99 ($0.09/Count) $21.84 with Subscribe & Save discount.Today, most sarsaparilla drinks use artificial flavoring, though Bundaberg brewing company's recipe uses real ingredients such as the popular licorice root, ginger root, vanilla bean, molasses ...The best-known episodes from sarsaparilla's history—first as a medicine and later as a tonic drink—are indeed about species from the New World. ... Linnaeus classified the medicinal sarsaparilla as Smilax sarsaparilla (currently regarded as a synonym of S. glauca), but years later, Carl Sigismund Kunth (1788-1850) ...Oct 21, 2023 · Sarsaparilla is a fifteen-year-old girl involved in the Carnillean Rising quest. Her dream is to become an actress, although her parents want her to get married. She was invited by Sir Ceril and Lady Henryeta to stay at their mansion, although her family did not know it was a secret way to help their son Philipe get involved with girls. This failed, …Oct 6, 2016 · Sarsaparilla. October 6, 2016 by Randy Jones. Aralia Nudicaulis is a flower-bearing plant and is generally called Small Spikenard, False Sarsaparilla, Shot Bush, Wild Liquorice, Rabbit Root, and Wild Sarsaparilla. It is indigenous to the East and Northern regions of North America. It grows as tall as 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in) and has stems that ...

Mengobati sifilis. Sarsaparilla diperkirakan mampu melawan bakteri berbahaya dan miikroorganisme lain yang telah masuk ke dalam tubuh. Walaupun fungsi kerja Sarsaparilla tidak sebaik antibiotik atau antijamur, tetapi kegunaan Sarsaparilla dapat membantu mengobati kusta dan sifilis. Setelah diteliti, Sarsaparilla juga mengandung 18 senyawa …

10 វិច្ឆិកា 2014 ... Social History of Medicine, Volume 28, Issue 1, February 2015, Pages ... Sarsaparilla'. I examine the economic, political and cultural ...Sarsaparilla is a brambled, woody vine that grows up to 50 m long, with paired tendrils for climbing (often high into the rainforest canopy). It produces small flowers and black, blue, or red berry-like fruits which are eaten greedily by birds. Smilax, a member of the lily family, is native to tropical and temperate parts of the world and ...Nov 1, 2022 · A woody, tropical vine in the Smilacaceae family originating in Asia, sarsaparilla comes in several different forms known by the botanical name Smilax. It's …It has an ancient history of health benefits and a controversial modern history making this plant even more attractive to learn about and appreciate. If you live in the Eastern United States, find a Sassafras tree and experience a flavorful medicinal plant that our culture has been lacking for the last 50 years.The history of Root Beer and Sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla and Root Beer were founded by the Native Americans before arriving in Europe. Both beverages are named after their distinct differences in ingredients when they were first made. Sarsaparilla was made from the Sarsaparilla vine, while Root Beer, roots of the sassafras tree. The plant is a woody, climbing, evergreen perennial, growing to fifteen feet and having broadly ovate leaves, tendrils, and small greenish, yellow, or brown flowers. The root is gathered throughout the year, but mainly from January to May. The Smilax genus contains several species of sarsaparilla and some confusion exists between them and …History. The Spanish physician Nicolás Monardes described using sarsaparilla to treat syphilis in 1574. In 1812, Portuguese soldiers suffering from syphilis recovered faster with use of sarsaparilla versus mercury, the standard treatment for syphilis at the time.Sarsaparilla History. Modern writings about sarsaparilla started sometime around the 1500s when the plant was introduced to Europe medicine by explorers ...Sarsaparilla. October 6, 2016 by Randy Jones. Aralia Nudicaulis is a flower-bearing plant and is generally called Small Spikenard, False Sarsaparilla, Shot Bush, Wild Liquorice, Rabbit Root, and Wild Sarsaparilla. It is indigenous to the East and Northern regions of North America. It grows as tall as 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in) and has stems that ...Jun 14, 2020 · Abstract Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult is commonly known as anantmul or Indian sarsaparilla. The roots of this plant, which display a wide range of medicinal, biological, and phytopharmaceutical properties, are used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Conventionally, the plant is propagated by seed germination or …

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The granddaddy of all Root Beers, our Sioux City Sarsaparilla takes your taste buds back to the Old West. One of 7 authentically American flavors. ... Products Our History Where to Buy News Contact Back Premium Mixers Traditional Mixers Seltzers Sioux City Olde Brooklyn 8 oz cans Back Find a Retailer Cart 0. Products Premium Mixers ...Sarsaparilla drinks often were made with only sarsaparilla, instead of the mélange of flavors common to root beers, making it perhaps taste a bit more medicinal than refreshing. But sassafras is ...A & W: In 1919, the founder of A & W, Roy Allen, purchased a root beer recipe and used it to make his own blend in Lodi, California. In 1920, Allen and Frank Wright came together to create the A & W brand. By 1924, they purchased the trademark for their beer. Now, A & W is one of the best-selling root beers in the entire world.History and Origin of Sarsaparilla and Root Beer. Sarsaparilla and Root Beer have been around for quite some time now. And yet, a lot of people still find them as enjoyable and delicious as ever! So let us explore the rich and fascinating history behind these two powerhouses–from the day they were created up to the modern age of their ...While popular as a spice in food and beverages, sarsaparilla has a much greater history as a medicinal herb. Sarsaparilla is still in use today and is most often found in herbal …Sarparilla Flavoured Soft Drink Concentrate with Sugar and Sweetener. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Best Before End Please see Base of Label or Neck of Bottle. Usage: 20 Servings. Origin: Produced and bottled in the U.K.Smilax ornata was considered by Native Americans to have medicinal properties, and was a popular European treatment for syphilis when it was introduced from the New World. [13] From 1820 to 1910, it was registered in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia as a treatment for syphilis. [citation needed] Indian sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus indicus), also called sugandi root, Nannari or the eternal root, is different than “American sarsaparilla” and has some unique applications. It has a long history of use in Ayurvedic herbal medicine , which originated in India, and is considered a natural digestive aid, sexual tonic, sleep promoter, and anti ...G. Baldwin & Co, with its traditional wooden floors, high wooden counters and shelves stocked with herbs, oils and ointments, is London’s oldest herbalist and they still serve sarsaparilla by the glass. There’s not much you can buy for 20p nowadays but visit Baldwins on the Walworth Road and it’ll get you half a pint […]A & W: In 1919, the founder of A & W, Roy Allen, purchased a root beer recipe and used it to make his own blend in Lodi, California. In 1920, Allen and Frank Wright came together to create the A & W brand. By 1924, they purchased the trademark for their beer. Now, A & W is one of the best-selling root beers in the entire world.Newspapers in the 1870s crafted Dodge City’s reputation as a major theater of frontier disorder by centering attention on the town’s single year of living dangerously, which lasted from July ...New York City has perhaps more history than any other in the nation. But how much NYC history do you really know? Here are 10 tidbits that few have heard. Think moving to a new apartment in New York City is tough today? Actually, it might b... ….

Nov 2, 2022 · Culinarily speaking, per Miss Vickie, sassafras has a basic root beer taste reminiscent of anise, eucalyptus, and other earthy tones, whereas sarsaparilla has more intense and bitter notes. While ...Root beer and sarsaparilla have distinct differences in their history, ingredients, and flavor profiles. History and ingredients. Root beer has a fascinating history, with its origins dating back to the early colonial times in America.Oct 27, 2020 · The drink originates from the Americas, but more specifically modern-day Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras (via Beverage History). …Sarsaparilla is a group of plants that grow in tropical parts of the world. There are about 350 species, including Smilax officinalis and Smilax glabra. Chemicals in sarsaparilla might help ...Sioux City soft drinks. Sioux City Sarsaparilla. Two Sioux City Sarsaparilla bottles, in the style sold for decades, until the 2010s. Sioux City is a line of soft drinks manufactured and marketed by White Rock Beverages. Introduced in 1987, the product is generally sold in embossed glass bottles, although it is also available in cans. [1]Nov 1, 2022 · A woody, tropical vine in the Smilacaceae family originating in Asia, sarsaparilla comes in several different forms known by the botanical name Smilax. It's …Sioux City soft drinks. Sioux City Sarsaparilla. Two Sioux City Sarsaparilla bottles, in the style sold for decades, until the 2010s. Sioux City is a line of soft drinks manufactured and marketed by White Rock Beverages. Introduced in 1987, the product is generally sold in embossed glass bottles, although it is also available in cans. [1]The rhizome of the sarsaparilla plant is native to the Americas, including the West Indies. It belongs to the lily family. Sarsaparilla was not well known outside of the Americas until the 1400s. It was at this point in history that explorers took sarsaparilla root back to Europe from the New World and it became an important tool in European ... Sarsaparilla history, We all have moments when we want to keep our browsing history private, whether it’s for security reasons or simply to keep our online activities anonymous. Fortunately, deleting your browsing history is a relatively simple process that can ..., Sarsaparilla is made directly from the sarsaparilla vine and has a fairly bitter taste. Today, most modern manufacturers often include sweeter ingredients like licorice to cut the bitterness, according to Bundaberg. Traditionally, root beer was made using the roots of the sassafras tree. However, sassafras trees contain an essential oil that ..., This rare Townsends Sarsaparilla has an open pontil base, giving it a value of about $1,000. In the bottle-collecting field, the most popular sarsaparilla bottle is from Albany, N.Y. It is a gorgeous, large, square hand-blown bottle, usually found in a shimmering olive green, emerald green, or olive amber colored glass. , The difference between Sarsaparilla and Root Beer: Originally, both sarsaparilla and root beer were produced by native Americans. Both were considered tonics. At first, sarsaparilla was made from the root of the sarsaparilla vine while root beer was produced from the roots of the sassafras tree. Today, both have very similar tastes with sarsaparilla having a slight smoky hint. Overall, you ..., Hood’s Sarsaparilla was big business in the late 19th and early 20th centuries – you can get an idea how big from this picture of the Massachusetts laboratory. ... Historical health fraud, patent remedies and the strange medical cases of the past. Sophie Rendahl (1883-1981) married medical fraudst. Samuel Ricket Chamley (1852-1920) was …, Geography is important to history because it affects where a person chooses to live, it affects the way battles are fought and the way that people can interact with those living outside of their home region., In today’s digital age, it’s important to understand how to protect your privacy online. One way to do this is by regularly deleting your browsing history. This article will provide an overview of what a browsing history is, why you should ..., May 6, 2020 · Introduction and History: The dried root or rhizome of Sarsaparilla, as imported, is of the thickness of a goose quil, many feet in length, reddish-brown, Severe pain at conclusion of urination Pain from right kidney downwards Bladder distended and tender. Bloody, seminal emissions., The rhizome of the sarsaparilla plant is native to the Americas, including the West Indies. It belongs to the lily family. Sarsaparilla was not well known outside of the Americas until the 1400s. It was at this point in history that explorers took sarsaparilla root back to Europe from the New World and it became an important tool in European ..., Sarsaparilla has been used world wide for its systemic benefits , especially sexually . Licorice root: many cultures have used licorice root and value its properties. Because it contains magnesium, silicon, and thiamine, the body welcomes this herb for overall health on a cellular level ( 5 )., Wild Sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis) is a wildflower that produces globe-shaped clusters of greenish-white flowers in spring in the Adirondack Mountains of upstate New York. The finely toothed compound leaves are bronze in spring, green in summer, and yellow or red in the fall. ... The History and Folklore of North American Wildflowers ..., Hood’s Sarsaparilla was marketed to purify the blood and cure various disorders, including heart disease, rheumatism, and edema. The product was inspired in part by the success of Ayers’ Sarsaparilla. Hood’s Sarsaparilla contained sarsaparilla root, dandelion, juniper berries, and 18% alcohol among other ingredients. The C.I. Hood and ... , This rare Townsends Sarsaparilla has an open pontil base, giving it a value of about $1,000. In the bottle-collecting field, the most popular sarsaparilla bottle is from Albany, N.Y. It is a gorgeous, large, square hand-blown bottle, usually found in a shimmering olive green, emerald green, or olive amber colored glass., Sarsaparilla is also the name of a soft drink that became very popular in the US during the 19th century. It is often associated with Wild West saloons in popular culture. The main ingredients were Honduran or Mexican sarsaparilla root, sassafras root bark, and other herbs such as licorice and anise., However, people used the sarsaparilla plant long before soda and candy were a popular commodity. History of Sarsaparilla . The plant encompasses woody vines, and that’s where it got its name. The word sarsaparilla is a translation of the Spanish phrase zarzaparilla, which means “brambly vine.” There are varieties of the sarsaparilla plant ..., Newspapers in the 1870s crafted Dodge City’s reputation as a major theater of frontier disorder by centering attention on the town’s single year of living dangerously, which lasted from July ..., Origins and History of the Jamaican Sarsaparilla Plant. Jamaican Sarsaparilla, scientifically known as Smilax ornata, is a woody vine that is indigenous to Jamaica and other Caribbean countries, as well as Central and South America. Belonging to the Smilax genus, this plant has the potential to reach a staggering length of up to 10 meters (30 ..., Apr 4, 2017 · Sarsaparilla has been used world wide for its systemic benefits , especially sexually . ... The evaluation of the patient must include a detailed history taken from the patient and often his partner. Aside from haematologic tests, various forms of radiological and ultrasonic imaging, neurophysiologic studies may be required. For the general ..., Feb 3, 2021 · Sarsaparilla is made directly from the sarsaparilla vine and has a fairly bitter taste. Today, most modern manufacturers often include sweeter ingredients like licorice to cut the bitterness, according to Bundaberg. Traditionally, root beer was made using the roots of the sassafras tree. However, sassafras trees contain an essential oil that ... , Aug 29, 2023 · Sarmatia. sarong. SARS. sarsaparilla. sarsenet. sartorial. sashay. SARSAPARILLA Meaning: "bramble" (from Arabic sharas "thorny plant" or Basque …, When buying a used car, it’s important to know its history. Knowing the vehicle’s past can help you make an informed decision and avoid any potential problems down the road. One of the best ways to check a vehicle’s history is by using its ..., Jul 5, 2023 · Root beer and sarsaparilla have distinct differences in their history, ingredients, and flavor profiles. History and ingredients. Root beer has a fascinating history, with its origins dating back to the early colonial times in America. , Protecting the skin and potentially slowing the process of aging by protecting collagen production. 2. Boosting the immune system. Easing skin lesions caused by psoriasis due to the steroid-like compounds (i.e., sterols) in sarsaparilla known as sarsaponin. 3,4. Acting as an antimicrobial or antibacterial agent to help fight infection. 5., The rhizome of the sarsaparilla plant is native to the Americas, including the West Indies. It belongs to the lily family. Sarsaparilla was not well known outside of the Americas until the 1400s. It was at this point in history that explorers took sarsaparilla root back to Europe from the New World and it became an important tool in European ..., The rhizome of the sarsaparilla plant is native to the Americas, including the West Indies. It belongs to the lily family. Sarsaparilla was not well known outside of the Americas until the 1400s. It was at this point in history that explorers took sarsaparilla root back to Europe from the New World and it became an important tool in European ..., Sarsaparilla is mostly used in combination with winter green and other aromatic plants. Medicinally, sarsaparilla has been used to treat syphilis and other skin diseases. Sarsaparilla contains a moderate amount of antioxidants that can be extracted and helps reduce oxidative damage in the intestinal tract. View chapter., Sarsaparilla often refers to the sarsaparilla soft drink, made from Smilax plants.. Sarsaparilla may also refer to: . Biology. Several species of plants, of the genus Smilax, including: . Smilax ornata, also known as Honduran or Jamaican sarsaparilla; Smilax aristolochiifolia, known as Mexican sarsaparilla; Smilax aspera, a flowering vine found in southern Europe, Africa and south Asia, Hemidesmus indicus, Indian sarsaparilla, is a species of plant found in South Asia.It occurs over the greater part of India, from the upper Gangetic plain eastwards to Assam and in some places in central, western and South India.. The root is a substitute for sarsaparilla (the dried root of the tropical species of Smilax, Smilacaceae; in India Smilax aspera L., and Smilax ovalifolia Roxb., Queenslanders love double sarsaparilla. You either love or hate the black brew and as "sars" isn't so beloved in all states, it can be hard to find. Not everyone is a fan of Queensland favourite ..., Spiders are stuck to the tiles in the bathroom. 失って征く退路に塞がったアイロニー. ushinatte iku tairo ni fusagatta aironii. My way out, which I’m gradually losing, is blocked by irony. 使い捨てたカイロのような思考回路で. tsukaisuteta kairo no you na shikou kairo de. In trains of thought like pocket heaters ..., Smilax ornata was considered by Native Americans to have medicinal properties, and was a popular European treatment for syphilis when it was introduced from the New World. [13] From 1820 to 1910, it was registered in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia as a treatment for syphilis. [citation needed] , Jun 21, 2020 · Discover the best Ayurvedic coolant with Dr. Brahma's Sogade Berina Sherbet recipe featuring sarsaparilla. Learn about the cooling properties of sarsaparilla and how it can help regulate body temperature during hot summer days. Get insights into the science behind Ayurvedic cooling herbs and the benefits of incorporating them into your …, Sarsaparilla Profile and History. Sarsaparilla is the first and only marketing agency with a proven Money Making Marketing Model™ that links and converts marketing into sales. We look at all areas of marketing such as branding, websites, social media, PR, etc. and ensure that every penny you spend is an investment, with measurable ...