Scopes trial book

The Scopes Trial began on July 10th, 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee when John Thomas Scopes was charged with violating the Butler Act by teaching the theory of evolution in his class by saying men have descended from apes claiming that was the theory of evolution. The prosecuting attorney William Bryant was flooded with questions from the bible by ...

Nov 17, 2017 · Inherit the Wind. In 1955, a play written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee about the Scopes trial called Inherit the Wind debuted in Dallas, Texas. The well-reviewed play has had many revivals ... The Scopes Trial shocked America. Tennessee schoolteacher John Scopes brought the question of teaching evolution in schools to every dinner table. In a lively interpretative introduction to the manuscript of the trial and subsequent newspaper reports, Jeffrey Moran analyzes the trial and its impact on the moral fiber of the country and the educational …Scopes Trial, also called the ‘Monkey Trial,’ highly publicized trial that took place July 10–21, 1925, during which a Dayton, Tennessee, high-school teacher, John T. Scopes, was charged with …Mar 21, 2021 · Moran has updated his signature book about the event to reflect the current state of this culture war. “The Scopes Trial: A Brief History with Documents, Second Edition” (Bedford/St. Martin's Press, 2021) presents a collection of courtroom transcripts and primary sources that immerses readers into the actual days of the trial. This edition ... The Scopes Trial began on July 10th, 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee when John Thomas Scopes was charged with violating the Butler Act by teaching the theory of evolution in his class by saying men have descended from apes claiming that was the theory of evolution. The prosecuting attorney William Bryant was flooded with questions from the bible by ...What is the name of Darwin's famous book that introduced the theory of evolution? Origin of Species. Why did the state of Tennessee outlaw the teaching of ...

Jul 30, 2023 · The Scopes “monkey trial” was the moniker journalist H. L. Mencken applied to the 1925 prosecution of a criminal action brought by the state of Tennessee against high school teacher John T. Scopes for violating the state’s Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools. In the case Scopes v. About two decades after Scopes' trial, authors of some biology textbooks again made a few bold statements about the validity of evolution. For example, E. T. Smith (1949) wrote in Exploring Biology that “modern biologists accept evolution as proved,” and other authors attacked views that opposed evolution.Showing 1-10 of 10 Inherit the Wind: The Powerful Courtroom Drama in which Two Men Wage the Legal War of the Century (Paperback) by Jerome Lawrence (shelved 2 times as scopes-trial) avg rating 3.93 — 23,221 ratings — published 1955 Want to Read Rate this book 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 starsMonkey Town. (novel) First edition (publ. Simon & Schuster) Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial is a 2006 novel written by American author Ronald Kidd. [1] The story is set in summer 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, and is based on the Scopes Trial . Are you looking for an exciting way to watch your favorite movies and TV shows? Look no further than Starz’s 30-day free trial. With access to some of the biggest hits in Hollywood, Starz is the perfect platform for anyone who loves great e...― Lisa Metzger Rennegarbe, Grandniece of John T. Scopes “ The Scopes 'Monkey Trial gives an excellent description of the trial and its components. This book shows that this event is relevant even today, giving the reader a better understanding of the trial and those associated with it.” ― Pat Guffey, Rhea County, Tennessee, HistorianScopes trial transcripts, 1925. The narrow purpose of the defense is to establish the innocence of the defendant Scopes. The broad purpose of the defense will be to prove that the Bible is a work of religious aspiration and rules of conduct which must be kept in the field of theology. We remember that Jesus said: "Render unto Ceasar's the ...

Mar 21, 2021 · Moran has updated his signature book about the event to reflect the current state of this culture war. “The Scopes Trial: A Brief History with Documents, Second Edition” (Bedford/St. Martin's Press, 2021) presents a collection of courtroom transcripts and primary sources that immerses readers into the actual days of the trial. This edition ... The Scopes Trial (1925) and the Scottsboro Trial (1931-1937) were two crucial legal cases in American history that highlighted tensions in social values and differences in public opinion at the time.The Scopes Monkey Trial of 1925 was one of the most important parts in history. During the book Inherit the Wind there was a trial that showed two different sides. One person that was involved in the trial had gone against the law. One of the people involved in the trial was a school teacher named Cates.Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion by Pulitzer Prize-winning author and academic Edward J. Larson is a work of historical non-fiction first published in 1997 that discusses the history of the Scopes trial, the events surrounding it, and the aftermath. The 2006 edition includes a new ...New York: Basic Books, 1997. X + 318 pages. A number of events have competed for the designation "trial of the century": Leopold-Loeb, Sacco and Vanzetti ...What is the name of Darwin's famous book that introduced the theory of evolution? Origin of Species. Why did the state of Tennessee outlaw the teaching of ...

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10 Days That Unexpectedly Changed America is a ten-hour, ten-part television miniseries that aired on the History Channel from April 9 through April 14, 2006. The material was later adapted and published as a book by the same title. Overview. The ten days featured in the series, in chronological order.It is important to note that the book and television series …12 មិថុនា 2006 ... Scopes Trial Summary: The Scopes Trial, commonly referred to as the Scopes ... books on biology. Evangelists had erected an open-air tabernacle ...Jun 13, 2016 · Randy Moore, Randy Moore, William McComas. 4.25. 20 ratings2 reviews. The 1925 case against high school coach and science teacher John Scopes, arrested for teaching evolution in defiance of a Tennessee state law, was America's original "Trial of the Century." The proceedings began as a publicity stunt but grew into a landmark event in the ... With fresh insights, Lienesch retells the story of the 1925 Scopes "monkey" trial and reinterprets its meaning. In tracking the movement from that time to today, he explores the rise of creation science in the 1960s, the alliance with the New Christian Right in the 1980s, and the development of the theory of intelligent design in our own time.Scopes monkey trial involved Tennessee's anti-evolution law . For several decades after the publication of Descent of Man, into the early 20th century, evolution was a staple of biology textbooks and classroom instruction.About this same time, however, a Christian fundamentalist movement took root in the United States, arguing that evolution was inconsistent with the biblical six-day ...Nov 17, 2017 · Inherit the Wind. In 1955, a play written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee about the Scopes trial called Inherit the Wind debuted in Dallas, Texas. The well-reviewed play has had many revivals ...

AP U.S. History is an introductory college-level U.S. history course. Students cultivate their understanding of U.S. history from c. 1491 CE to the present through analyzing historical sources and learning to make connections and craft historical arguments as they explore concepts like American and national identity; work, exchange, and technology; …Ronald Kidd is the author of the highly acclaimed Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial, as well as On Beale Street. His novels of adventure, comedy, and mystery have received the Children's Choice Award, an Edgar Award nomination, and honors from the American Library Association, the Library of Congress, and the New …Jun 12, 2006 · John Scopes, the teacher on trial for teaching evolution in the "Monkey Trial." (Smithsonian Institute) Scopes Trial Summary: The Scopes Trial, commonly referred to as the Scopes Evolution Trial or the Scopes Monkey trial, began on July 10th, 1925. The defendant, John Thomas Scopes, was a high school coach and substitute teacher who had been ... Inherit the Wind. In 1955, a play written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee about the Scopes trial called Inherit the Wind debuted in Dallas, Texas. The well-reviewed play has had many revivals ...Marvin N. Olasky, John R. Perry. 3.23. 31 ratings10 reviews. The Scopes Monkey Trial in Dayton, Tennessee was a watershed moment in the history of this country. The ramifications of those proceedings are still being felt today. However, it is not necessarily the arguments from the courtroom floor that are reverberating in the halls of …That is, until the day fifteen-year-old Frances Robinson's dad has John Scopes arrested for teaching evolutionary theory in schools. Overnight, the world's most ...The trial, which took place from July 10 through July 21, 1925 (Scopes was charged on May 5 and indicted on May 25), quickly evolved into a philosophical debate between two firebrands about ...18 កក្កដា 2005 ... Moran, an associate professor of history at the University of Kansas and author of the 2002 book “The Scopes Trial: A Brief History with ...Jun 7, 2011 · Ronald Kidd is the author of the highly acclaimed Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial, as well as On Beale Street. His novels of adventure, comedy, and mystery have received the Children's Choice Award, an Edgar Award nomination, and honors from the American Library Association, the Library of Congress, and the New York Public Library.

2,148 ratings206 reviews. The 1925 Scopes Trial marked a watershed in our national relationship between science and religion and has had tremendous impact on our culture ever since, even inspiring the play and movie, both titled "Inherit the Wind."

The Scopes trial, formally The State of Tennessee v.John Thomas Scopes, and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case from July 10 to July 21, 1925, in which a high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it illegal for teachers to teach human evolution in any state-funded school.The book argues that Inherit the Wind (both the play and the movie) misrepresented the actual Scopes Trial. Larson was born in Mansfield, Ohio, and attended Mansfield public schools. He graduated from Williams College and received his law degree from Harvard University and his Ph.D. in the history of science from the University of Wisconsin ... A classic work of American theatre, based on the Scopes Monkey Trial of 1925 ... Book Guide · Books to Read Before Bed · Books for Middle Graders. Trending Series.The Scopes "Monkey" Trial Site Map . Introduction A brief description of the Scopes Trial - the original proceedings, the effective fictionalising of the event in F.L. Allen's book Only Yesterday, and the confusion surrounding the play Inherit the Wind.Also a …Jul 5, 2005 · Ed Larson, author of Summer for the Gods, a Pulitzer Prize-winning book about the Scopes trial, says defense lawyer Darrow was the Thomas Paine of his day. Noah Adams, NPR hide caption Ronald Kidd is the author of the highly acclaimed Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial, as well as On Beale Street. His novels of adventure, comedy, and mystery have received the Children's Choice Award, an Edgar Award nomination, and honors from the American Library Association, the Library of Congress, and the New York Public Library.In order to understand historical events, one must consider them within a larger historical context. In this lesson, students develop the skill of ...The Jazz singer. The popularization of ________ expanded the communications and sports industries. radios. Who was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean? Charles Lindbergh. The Scopes Monkey Trial revolved around a law that banned teaching about ________ in public schools. Darwinism.anti-evolution book sale. ... The result was the famous Scopes Trial (the so-called “Monkey Trial”) of 1925, in which a high-school teacher, John T. Scopes, was convicted of unlawfully teaching the theory of evolution (he …

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11 កក្កដា 2011 ... He demonstrates how contemporary thought influenced the debates surrounding the Scopes Trial and, in the last section of the book, how dramatic ...The Great Monkey Trial is a book on the Scopes Trial by L. Sprague de Camp, first published in hardcover by Doubleday in 1968. [1] The book is a non-fiction account of the trial, as well as its social and political context and impact. This history of the trial was based on the archives of the A.C.L.U., assorted newspaper files, correspondence ...The 1926 revision of Moon's Biology for Beginners showed the dramatic impact of the Scopes trial on biology textbooks. Whereas a portrait of Charles Darwin dominated the frontispiece of the 1921 edition, the 1926 version replaced Darwin with a somewhat less controversial image: a cartoon of the digestive system.The 1925 Scopes trial in Tennessee threw into sharp contrast the division between fundamentalism and modern secular culture. Identify the key groups and people involved in the famous trial. ... Clarence Darrow encouraged Scopes to teach evolution to test the constitutionality of Tennessee's prohibition on teaching it Correct label: ...Dear Friends, Here is a detailed explanation to this question-. mikemcgarry wrote: Two-time Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan, known to oppose evolution on religious grounds, became the star witness for the prosecution in the Scopes Trials. (A) known to oppose evolution on religious grounds.In the summer of 1925, the sleepy hamlet of Dayton, Tennessee, became the setting for one of the 20th century's most contentious dramas: the Scopes trial that pit William Jennings Bryan and the anti-Darwinists against a teacher named John Scopes into a famous debate over science, religion, and their place in public education That trial marked the start of a …That is, until the day fifteen-year-old Frances Robinson's dad has John Scopes arrested for teaching evolutionary theory in schools. Overnight, the world's most ...To me, The Scopes Trial is a very interesting book. The Scopes Trial is based on a court session that was about the debate of weather people should study about the evolution of mankind or they rather study religion. John T. Scopes was accused of breaking a new state law in 1925. This law stated that it was forbidden to teach Charles …With fresh insights, Lienesch retells the story of the 1925 Scopes "monkey" trial and reinterprets its meaning. In tracking the movement from that time to today, he explores the rise of creation science in the 1960s, the alliance with the New Christian Right in the 1980s, and the development of the theory of intelligent design in our own time.The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes, commonly called the Monkey Trial, was intended to accomplish two goals: to challenge the Butler Act, which made the teaching of the theory of evolution illegal in Tennessee schools, and to draw commercial attention to the small town of Dayton, in Rhea County. In 1925 the American Civil Liberties ... ….

The Pulitzer Prize-winning history of the Scopes Trial and the battle over evolution and creation in America's schools In the summer of 1925, the sleepy hamlet of Dayton, Tennessee, became the setting for one of the twentieth century's most contentious courtroom dramas, pitting William Jennings Bryan and the anti-Darwinists against a …Shortly after the conclusion of the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial – officially, the case of State of Tennessee versus John Thomas Scopes, the National Book Company (Cincinnati, Ohio) published transcripts of the trial. Under the title, The World’s Most Famous Court Trial: Tennessee Evolution Case, this claimed to be a “complete stenographic ... Scopes trial transcripts, 1925. The narrow purpose of the defense is to establish the innocence of the defendant Scopes. The broad purpose of the defense will be to prove that the Bible is a work of religious aspiration and rules of conduct which must be kept in the field of theology. We remember that Jesus said: "Render unto Ceasar's the ... Jan 30, 2017 · The ensuing trial — famously nicknamed “The Monkey Trial” by Journalist H.L. Mencken — became one of the most famous in U.S. history. Americans really like this story. The proceedings were immortalized in Inherit the Wind , which started as a 1950s play, became a famous film in the 1960s, was followed by an onstage revival the same ... Jan 30, 2017 · The ensuing trial — famously nicknamed “The Monkey Trial” by Journalist H.L. Mencken — became one of the most famous in U.S. history. Americans really like this story. The proceedings were immortalized in Inherit the Wind , which started as a 1950s play, became a famous film in the 1960s, was followed by an onstage revival the same ... Randy Moore, Randy Moore, William McComas. 4.25. 20 ratings2 reviews. The 1925 case against high school coach and science teacher John Scopes, arrested for teaching evolution in defiance of a Tennessee state law, was America's original "Trial of the Century." The proceedings began as a publicity stunt but grew into a landmark event in the ...Whiting's latest book on the Scopes Trial is a 48 page library bound well illustrated work on the trial and the aftermath up to the Dover Trial. As Whiting concluded, the controversy goes on and on, and is more heated today than in 1925 (page 40). This book is a good introduction to the trial which covers the basic events.Monkey Town. (novel) First edition (publ. Simon & Schuster) Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial is a 2006 novel written by American author Ronald Kidd. [1] The story is set in summer 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, and is based on the Scopes Trial . Scopes trial book, On the trial’s final day, he ordered it expunged from the case. Eventually, the Supreme Court settled many of the issues about the Scopes case in 1968, in a decision called Epperson v. Arkansas. A unanimous Court ruled on the legality of a 1928 Arkansas law that barred teachers in public or state- supported schools from teaching, or using ..., Jul 30, 2023 · The Scopes “monkey trial” was the moniker journalist H. L. Mencken applied to the 1925 prosecution of a criminal action brought by the state of Tennessee against high school teacher John T. Scopes for violating the state’s Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools. In the case Scopes v. , 4.5 This book leads up to the Scopes Trials by explaining the issues of tension between religion and evolution well before the trial. Williams Jennings Bryant is well covered. The trial is covered in detail and also what impact the controversy had on the debate going forward. Most readers will remember the Scopes Trial from the film Inherit …, The book argues that Inherit the Wind (both the play and the movie) misrepresented the actual Scopes Trial. Larson was born in Mansfield, Ohio, and attended Mansfield public schools. He graduated from Williams College and received his law degree from Harvard University and his Ph.D. in the history of science from the University of Wisconsin ... , Jun 12, 2006 · John Scopes, the teacher on trial for teaching evolution in the "Monkey Trial." (Smithsonian Institute) Scopes Trial Summary: The Scopes Trial, commonly referred to as the Scopes Evolution Trial or the Scopes Monkey trial, began on July 10th, 1925. The defendant, John Thomas Scopes, was a high school coach and substitute teacher who had been ... , With the increasing popularity of streaming services, it’s no wonder that many people are considering signing up for a Hulu free trial. The Hulu free trial is a promotional offer that allows new users to try out the streaming service for a ..., Books on the Scopes Trial . Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial & America’s Continuing Debate over Science & Religion By Edward J. Larson. Trial and Error: The American Controversy over Creation and Evolution By Edward J. Larson. Monkey Business: The True Story Of The Scopes Trial By Marvin Olasky. The Scopes Monkey Trial By Jim Whiting. , It is the book which the state of Tennessee required high school teachers to use in 1925 and is best known for its section about evolution that was ruled by a local court to be in violation of the state Butler Act. It was for teaching from this textbook that John T. Scopes was brought to trial in Dayton, Tennessee in the Scopes "Monkey" Trial., The trial’s turning point came when, in an unorthodox move, Scopes’ lawyers got Bryan to take the stand. Darrow declared that he intended to “prevent bigots and ignoramuses from controlling ..., The Scopes Trial held on July 10–21, 1925, in Dayton, Tennessee, was a highly publicized trial that was also known as the “Monkey Trial.”. A Dayton, Tennessee, high-school teacher, John T. Scopes, was charged with violating state law by teaching Charles Darwin ’s theory of evolution. In March 1925 the Tennessee legislature had declared ..., The ensuing trial — famously nicknamed “The Monkey Trial” by Journalist H.L. Mencken — became one of the most famous in U.S. history. Americans really like this story. The proceedings were immortalized in Inherit the Wind , which started as a 1950s play, became a famous film in the 1960s, was followed by an onstage revival the same ..., Bedford Books, 2021. The Scopes trial shocked America. Tennessee school teacher John Scopes brought the question of teaching evolution in schools to every dinner table, and it remains an essential topic in any course on American History, the History of Education, and Religious History., Mar 21, 2023 · John Scopes’s crime riveted the world, and crowds flocked to the trial of the man who dared to tell students about a forbidden topic—evolution. The year was 1925, and discussing Darwin’s theory of evolution was illegal in Tennessee classrooms. Lawyers wanted to challenge the law, and businessmen smelled opportunity. , J. Howard Moore (brother-in-law) Karl K. Darrow (nephew) Signature. Clarence Seward Darrow ( / ˈdæroʊ /; April 18, 1857 – March 13, 1938) was an American lawyer who became famous in the early 20th century for his involvement in the Leopold and Loeb murder trial and the Scopes trial. He was a leading member of the American Civil Liberties ... , Gregg Jarrett, the brilliant New York Times Best Selling Author, has a FANTASTIC new book out, "The Trial of the Century", which is getting absolutely phenomenal reviews. Gregg got it right on the Russia, Russia, Russia Hoax and now he laser focuses on iconic attorney Clarence Darrow and the famous Scopes Monkey Trial - INCREDIBLE. “Colorful ..., Mar 21, 2021 · “The Scopes Trial: A Brief History with Documents, Second Edition” (Bedford/St. Martin's Press, 2021) presents a collection of courtroom transcripts and primary sources that immerses readers into the actual days of the trial. This edition features a new introduction examining the race and gender issues that infiltrated the debate. , 3:06. 30. 30. 1x. The Scopes Trial, also known as the "Monkey Trial", was a massively-followed legal case in July 1925 that became known as the "Trial of the Century". The case involved a high school teacher, John T. Scopes, accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school., The Scopes Trial (sometimes referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial) was a 1925 legal case which argued whether human evolution could be taught in public schools. A substitute teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, John T. Scopes, was brought to trial for including evolutionary science in his class curriculum. The Scopes Trial was a highly publicized ... , Held in Dayton, Tennessee the Trial began July 10, 1925, and ended on July 21, 1925. John Scopes, a 24 year-old science teacher and football coach, was the defendant, accused of violating a Tennessee law which forbade the teaching of evolution in state supported schools. William Jennings Bryan, 65, joined the attorneys for the state (prosecution), Scopes Trial, The dramatic Scopes “Monkey Trial” in 1925 involved the prosecution of high school science teacher John T. Scopes (1900–1970) for violating Tennessee… Trial, Trial A judicial examination and determination of facts and legal issues arising between parties to a civil or criminal action. In the United States,…, As far as I can tell, this is the best work on Scopes Trial of 1925, even including Edward J. Larson's Pulitzer Prize winning book on the subject: Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion. Larson attempts to put the trial into a more complete historical setting, while de Camp focusses on ..., The Scopes Trial shocked America. Tennessee schoolteacher John Scopes brought the question of teaching evolution in schools to every dinner table. In a lively interpretative introduction to the manuscript of the trial and subsequent newspaper reports, Jeffrey Moran analyzes the trial and its impact on the moral fiber of the country and the educational …, Prohibition. The Prohibition Era began in 1920 when the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors, went into effect ..., Are you a TV and movie enthusiast looking for your next streaming service? Look no further than HBO Max. With a vast library of content ranging from classic movies to original series, HBO Max has something for everyone. And the best part? Y..., 3:06. 30. 30. 1x. The Scopes Trial, also known as the "Monkey Trial", was a massively-followed legal case in July 1925 that became known as the "Trial of the Century". The case involved a high school teacher, John T. Scopes, accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school., The Scopes trial's significance is that it fueled the public debate over creation and evolution that has continued into the 21st century. The debate has far-reaching implications in our increasingly secular society. ... Book Chapter. Monkeying with the Scopes “Monkey” Trial. Oct. 7, 2017 from Essays on Origins: Creation vs. Evolution., For a distinguished book of the year upon the history of the United States, Five thousand dollars ($5,000). ... The Scopes trial marked a watershed in our national discussion of science and religion. In addition to symbolizing the clash between evolutionists and creationists, the trial helped shape the development of both popular religion and ..., Read 204 reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. Reissued with a new preface: the Pulitzer Prize-winning book that is ?quite simply the bes…, The Great Monkey Trial is a book on the Scopes Trial by L. Sprague de Camp, first published in hardcover by Doubleday in 1968. [1] The book is a non-fiction account of the trial, as well as its social and political context and impact. This history of the trial was based on the archives of the A.C.L.U., assorted newspaper files, correspondence ..., The Pulitzer Prize-winning history of the Scopes Trial and the battle over evolution and creation in America's schoolsIn the summer of 1925, the sleepy hamlet of Dayton, Tennessee, became the setting for one of the twentieth century's most contentious courtroom dramas, pitting William Jennings Bryan and the anti-Darwinists against a …, vignette from the July 1925 trial, which pitted two of the nation's best lawyers against one another--William Jennings Bryan, icon of the Progressive Era and three-time Democratic candidate for president, versus Clarence Darrow, the liberal and agnostic attorney working on behalf of the American Civil Liberties Union and the nominal defendant, a diffident …, Shortly after the conclusion of the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial – officially, the case of State of Tennessee versus John Thomas Scopes, the National Book Company (Cincinnati, Ohio) published transcripts of the trial. Under the title, The World’s Most Famous Court Trial: Tennessee Evolution Case, this claimed to be a “complete stenographic ..., The Scopes trial’s significance is that it fueled the public debate over creation and evolution that has continued into the 21 st century. The debate has far-reaching implications in our increasingly secular society, since evolution has helped undermine: the validity of the Declaration of Independence that asserts our Creator has endowed men ...